Hello Readers ! Thank you very much for reading this blog, i hope you can get many knowledge after doing that. :D
International Political Economy (IPE) Perspectives are very dynamic. There is one framework of analysis that only view IPE “from below”, from the perspective of the oppressed classes, the poor, and the developing “Third World” nations. In contrast to mercantilism and Liberalism, it gives a voice to the powerless, this perspective raises issues about human freedom and the application of reason in shaping national and global institutions. This perspective calls structuralism which is a root in ideas of Karl Marx.
International Political Economy (IPE) Perspectives are very dynamic. There is one framework of analysis that only view IPE “from below”, from the perspective of the oppressed classes, the poor, and the developing “Third World” nations. In contrast to mercantilism and Liberalism, it gives a voice to the powerless, this perspective raises issues about human freedom and the application of reason in shaping national and global institutions. This perspective calls structuralism which is a root in ideas of Karl Marx.
I will not explain about
structuralism perspective because in this blog already one article who
discussed about that, but I would like to discussed about the recent theory who
associated and related to “structuralism perspective”. That is “The Modern
World System Theory”, this theory was originated by Immanuel Wallerstein.
“The Modern World System is a world economy : it is
larger than any juridically defined political unit, and the basic linkage
between its parts is economic”
For Immanuel
Wallerstein, the world economy provides the sole means of organization in the
international system. He proposed three different categories of nations which
are core, semi-periphery and periphery
nations. This categories describe each region’s relative position within
the world economy as well as certain internal political and economy characteristics.
There is an dependency among these nation states to do an exchange.
Core
The Core regions
benefited the most from the capitalist world economy. The characteristics of
core nations are have strong central governments, extensive bureaucracies and
large mercenary armies. International commerce is controlled by local
bourgeoisie. According to Wallerstein, the
core nations dominate the peripheral nations through unequal exchange for the
purpose to extracting cheap raw materials.
The core nations
using the periphery as a market for dumping surplus production. The core interacts with the semi-periphery
and periphery nations through the global structure of capitalism, exploiting
these regions and also transforming them. The core nations usually
regulating and determining international market rules. And when the periphery
nations try challenging or interrupting the market rules, the core nations will
use force or power to faced it. The example of core nations are United States,
United Kingdom and the other developed countries.
Semi-Periphery
According
to Wallerstein, the semi-periphery nations were exploited by the core but
become exploiter to periphery nations too. The semi-periphery nations are
less dependent to core nations. The semi-periphery nations also contribute to stabilizing
the world economy system because become one of the capital intensive
industries. The core nations usually make the semi-periphery nations become the
basis of the production factories because semi-periphery nations have cheap
labours. The semi-periphery nations sometimes seeking to be core by using
mercantilism principles like collecting wealth to increase the power of that
country, maximizing exports and limiting imports. The example of the semi-periphery
nations is China.
Periphery
The
periphery nations are the countries that have big raw materials and very concerned with agricultural sectors
because have large land and fertile soil. The periphery nations have lacked
strong central government,the periphery nations have internal problems with the
Governmental officials and structure. The periphery nations were controlled by
other states through imperialism and international market rules too. The periphery nations export raw materials
to core nations and core nations sell the finished product to the periphery
nations with a higher price. The example of the periphery nation is Brazil.
So, where is
Indonesia’s position exactly? I think Indonesia’s position is still in the
periphery nations, Indonesia still controlled by International market and other
state, Indonesia have many natural resources but only can export raw materials
to core nations not the finished products even we have to but that in a higher
price….
We
can’t change the system, but we can change our positions in this modern world system.
According to Immanuel Wallerstein Arguments, “ politics is constrained by the
economic structures, that strong (core) nations dominate weak (peripheral) one
because placement of the nation state in the world capitalist system affects
its ability to influence its global roles. So, the solution is we should
maximizing our influence to the global economy system, I hope one day our
country can be a core nation :D ……….
Thanks
Noto
Suoneto
References
:
· - Balaam David N. and Dillman
Bradford,”Introduction to International Political Economy,Fifth Edition,“Economic
Determinism and Exploitation: The Structuralist Perspective”pp 107-132.Pearson
Education,2011.
· - The Modern World System : Capitalist
Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the sixteenth
Century. New York : Academic Press
· - Modern History Sourcebook : Summary of
Wallerstein on Modern World System Theory. Retrieved on http://www.fordham.edu/HALSAII/MOD/Wallerstein.asp
·
Picture “ Modern World System Map” by www.cassian.memphis.edu
·
Picture “ Wallerstein’s World System
Theory Model” by www.pinterest.com
·
Picture “ Immanuel Wallerstein” by www.changetimes.org
·
Picture “ Cities in Economic Expansion
and Current Crisis of the Modern World System “ by www.lboro.ac.uk
·
